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clinical45 min

Clinical Learning

Clinical 3: Delirium in adults

Recognition, assessment, prevention and management of delirium in hospital and long-term care, with particular attention to hypoactive delirium.

Reviewed 2026-09-14Open →
leadership40 min

Leadership in Practice

Leadership 4: Leadership as professional practice

Professional leadership is not confined to office-holders. This module connects everyday medical professionalism with teamwork, fairness, delegation, resources, governance and accountable leadership.

Reviewed 2026-09-12Open →
professional45 min

Professional Development

Professional 1: Practical clinical governance

Turn governance from a meeting structure into a practical method for recognising risk, escalating concerns, learning from incidents and demonstrating assurance.

Reviewed 2026-09-13Open →
handbook40 min

The SAS Doctors Handbook

Handbook 1: The SAS career in the modern NHS

Recognise SAS as a substantive and diverse career, separate recognition from progression, and turn a broad concern into a decision that can be answered.

Reviewed 2026-09-12Open →
clinical45 min

Clinical Learning

Clinical 2: Acute kidney injury

Practical recognition, risk assessment, investigation and early management of acute kidney injury using NICE NG148.

Reviewed 2026-09-14Open →
clinical45 min

Clinical Learning

Clinical 7: Hypertension in adults

Accurate diagnosis, cardiovascular risk assessment, postural blood pressure, treatment principles and review using NICE NG136.

Reviewed 2026-09-14Open →
clinical40 min

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

What CGA is - and is not

Define CGA as a multidimensional, multidisciplinary and iterative clinical process. Distinguish CGA from a clerking template, screening tool or one-off assessment.

Reviewed 2026-09-16Open →
clinical40 min

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

Who needs CGA and when

Identify clinical patterns that should prompt consideration of CGA. Use frailty, multimorbidity, geriatric syndromes and functional change as triggers rather than rigid eligibility rules.

Reviewed 2026-09-16Open →
clinical40 min

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

Medical and physical domain

Build a problem list that integrates acute illness, chronic disease and geriatric syndromes. Distinguish diagnosis from impact on function and goals.

Reviewed 2026-09-16Open →
clinical40 min

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

Medicines and treatment burden

Perform a structured medicines review within CGA. Identify indication, benefit, harm, adherence, monitoring and treatment burden.

Reviewed 2026-09-16Open →
clinical40 min

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

Cognition, delirium and psychological health

Differentiate delirium, dementia, depression and other cognitive/psychological problems. Use baseline cognition and collateral history appropriately.

Reviewed 2026-09-16Open →
clinical40 min

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

Nutrition, continence, pain and sensory health

Identify undernutrition risk, swallowing issues, dehydration and oral-health contributors. Assess continence, pain, vision and hearing as functional determinants.

Reviewed 2026-09-16Open →
clinical40 min

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

Social, environmental and carer domains

Assess social support, carer capacity, isolation, finance and safeguarding concerns. Assess the home environment, accessibility, equipment and community services.

Reviewed 2026-09-16Open →
clinical40 min

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

Future wishes, goals and anticipatory care

Elicit what matters to the person and convert it into meaningful goals. Incorporate advance care planning, treatment preferences and future wishes appropriately.

Reviewed 2026-09-16Open →
clinical40 min

Comprehensive Geriatric Assessment

From assessment to integrated care plan

Convert multidomain information into a prioritised problem list. Assign actions, ownership, timescales and review points.

Reviewed 2026-09-16Open →
professional45 min

Confidentiality, Information Governance and Data Protection

Foundations of confidentiality and information governance

Build the five-layer model for confidentiality decisions and distinguish professional duties, common law, data-protection law, statutory authority and organisational governance.

Reviewed 2026-09-24Open →
professional45 min

Confidentiality, Information Governance and Data Protection

What information is confidential and who owes the duty

Recognise confidential information across records, conversations, images and digital systems, and understand access, anonymisation, pseudonymisation and confidentiality after death.

Reviewed 2026-09-24Open →
professional45 min

Confidentiality, Information Governance and Data Protection

Consent, implied consent and sharing for direct care

Separate treatment consent, confidentiality consent and data-protection lawful basis, and apply proportionate information sharing for direct care, families and multidisciplinary teams.

Reviewed 2026-09-24Open →
professional45 min

Confidentiality, Information Governance and Data Protection

UK GDPR, DPA 2018 and DUAA in clinical practice

Apply the current UK data-protection framework after the Data (Use and Access) Act 2025, including lawful bases, special-category data, purpose limitation, access and rectification.

Reviewed 2026-09-24Open →
clinical35 min

Consent: Shared Decision-Making, Risk, Refusal and Valid Authority

Foundations of consent and shared decision-making

Consent is the patient's permission for a proposed examination, investigation, treatment or other intervention. In good practice it is reached through a decision-making process in which the clinician and patient exchange information, identify what matters to the patient and reach a shared understanding of the available choices. The GMC describes shared...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

Consent: Shared Decision-Making, Risk, Refusal and Valid Authority

Meaningful dialogue: information, material risk and reasonable alternatives

Materiality cannot be reduced to a standard complication list. The clinician needs to understand the outcomes that matter to the individual, because a low-frequency harm may be decisive for one person and less important to another. This is the practical legacy of Montgomery and is mirrored in GMC guidance requiring clinicians to explore a patient's...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

Consent: Shared Decision-Making, Risk, Refusal and Valid Authority

Communication, accessibility and supported decision-making

A patient cannot make a meaningful healthcare decision if information is inaccessible or if they cannot express their preferences. Communication support is therefore part of valid decision-making, not an optional courtesy. The clinician should actively identify barriers and adapt the process rather than interpreting difficulty as incapacity. Barriers may...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

Consent: Shared Decision-Making, Risk, Refusal and Valid Authority

Capacity, voluntariness, influence and coercion

Consent requires a person who can make the relevant decision, but disagreement with clinicians is not evidence of incapacity. The consent clinician should notice when capacity is genuinely in doubt, support the person to decide, and then use the applicable decision-specific framework. The full methodology belongs in the ClinicalEdu Mental Capacity...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

Consent: Shared Decision-Making, Risk, Refusal and Valid Authority

Consent in urgent, emergency and time-critical care

An emergency can compress the time available for discussion, but it does not abolish respect for autonomy. A conscious patient who can make the decision should still be involved. Focus the discussion on the immediate decision, the most important benefits and harms, realistic alternatives and what may happen without treatment. Royal College of...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

Consent: Shared Decision-Making, Risk, Refusal and Valid Authority

Children and young people: assent, competence and parental responsibility

Children and young people should be involved in decisions about their care as much as they are able. The first clinical task is therefore not to ask only who can sign, but to explain the decision in a developmentally appropriate way, hear the young person's views and identify what they understand and want. Assent is a useful educational term for a...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

Consent: Shared Decision-Making, Risk, Refusal and Valid Authority

Refusal of treatment, advance decisions and future wishes

An adult who can make the relevant decision can refuse recommended treatment, including treatment that clinicians believe is life-saving. The response is not to raise the capacity threshold because the consequences are serious. Instead, ensure the patient has the information they need, check understanding and voluntariness, address communication...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

Consent: Shared Decision-Making, Risk, Refusal and Valid Authority

Consent in procedures and complex clinical contexts

A procedure may generate more paperwork, but the underlying standard is unchanged: the patient needs an opportunity to understand the proposed intervention, the material risks and benefits, reasonable alternatives and what may happen without it. The depth of the discussion should reflect complexity, uncertainty and the patient's priorities. The clinician...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

Consent: Shared Decision-Making, Risk, Refusal and Valid Authority

Consent across teams, delegation, remote care, teaching and recording

Consent is often built across several contacts: a specialist recommends treatment, a nurse provides education, a pharmacist discusses medicines, and another clinician performs the procedure. This can be good care, but only if roles are clear and the patient receives a coherent decision process. A dangerous team assumption is 'someone else must have done...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

Consent: Shared Decision-Making, Risk, Refusal and Valid Authority

Documentation, disagreement, complaints and governance

A useful consent record identifies the decision being made, the relevant options and material information discussed, patient-specific concerns or priorities, questions raised, the outcome and any need for review. Capacity, communication support, voluntariness or legal authority should be recorded when they are relevant to the decision. The note should be...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

End-of-Life Care: Recognition, Communication, Planning and Care in the Last Phase of Life

Foundations of palliative and end-of-life care

Palliative care should be understood as an active approach to improving quality of life and reducing suffering for people living with serious or life-shortening conditions. It is not a declaration that disease-directed treatment has ended. Scottish national strategy now explicitly describes palliative care as helping people live as well as possible with...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

End-of-Life Care: Recognition, Communication, Planning and Care in the Last Phase of Life

Recognising approaching end of life, deterioration and uncertainty

NICE NG142 recommends systems to identify adults who may be approaching the end of life so that planning, support and coordination can begin. Identification may be prompted by progressive functional decline, increasing frailty, recurrent unplanned admissions, escalating symptom burden, weight loss or reduced intake, disease-specific deterioration, or...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

End-of-Life Care: Recognition, Communication, Planning and Care in the Last Phase of Life

Communication, shared decisions and advance/future care planning

Advance or future care planning is a voluntary process of thinking and talking about what matters now and what may matter if health changes. NHS England Universal Principles, NHS Wales Future Care Planning and Northern Ireland's policy all emphasise person-centred reflection rather than form completion. The terminology differs, but the underlying aim is...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

End-of-Life Care: Recognition, Communication, Planning and Care in the Last Phase of Life

Capacity, advance decisions, proxies and decisions for people who cannot decide

Serious illness can impair decision-making temporarily through delirium, fatigue, breathlessness, pain, medication effects or communication difficulty. Before concluding that a person cannot decide, clinicians should take practicable steps to support participation where time allows: treat reversible distress, choose a better time, simplify information,...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

End-of-Life Care: Recognition, Communication, Planning and Care in the Last Phase of Life

Goals of care, treatment escalation, emergency planning and CPR

Goals-of-care discussions should connect the person's priorities with what medicine can realistically achieve. The conversation asks which outcomes matter, what burdens are acceptable, which treatments are clinically appropriate and what should happen in an emergency. The product should be a positive care plan, not only a list of interventions that will...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

End-of-Life Care: Recognition, Communication, Planning and Care in the Last Phase of Life

Symptom assessment, anticipatory care and medicines in the last phase of life

Anticipatory medicines are prescribed in advance so that symptoms can be treated promptly if they arise, particularly when access to prescribing may be difficult out of hours. NICE recommends an individualised approach, with clear indications and routes, and requires assessment before administration. The presence of a 'just in case' medicine does not...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

End-of-Life Care: Recognition, Communication, Planning and Care in the Last Phase of Life

Hydration, nutrition and clinically assisted nutrition/hydration

Reduced appetite and fluid intake are common as dying approaches. This does not remove the duty to offer assistance with eating and drinking where wanted and appropriate. NICE recommends supporting a dying person to drink if they wish and are able, checking swallowing safety, providing frequent mouth and lip care, and helping with sips where appropriate....

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

End-of-Life Care: Recognition, Communication, Planning and Care in the Last Phase of Life

Individualised care in the last days and hours

The central lesson from NICE NG31 is individualisation. Once a person may be entering the last days of life, the team should communicate the uncertainty, identify what matters, assess symptoms and hydration, review medicines and interventions, and keep the plan under active review. A standard form can improve reliability, but it must not replace clinical...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

End-of-Life Care: Recognition, Communication, Planning and Care in the Last Phase of Life

Ethical complexity, conflict, requests to hasten death and escalation

Statements such as 'I cannot go on' or 'I want this to end' can mean many different things: uncontrolled pain, fear of future dependency, depression, existential distress, a wish to stop burdensome treatment, a capacitous refusal, or a request for help to end life. The first clinical duty is to listen and clarify rather than label the request...

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
clinical35 min

End-of-Life Care: Recognition, Communication, Planning and Care in the Last Phase of Life

Care after death, bereavement, continuity and quality improvement

The moment of death changes the clinical task but does not end professional responsibility. Immediate care includes dignity and privacy, respectful care of the body, support for family and others present, attention to religious or cultural wishes where possible, safe management of devices and property, and clear explanation of what will happen next....

Reviewed 2026-09-19Open →
professional55 min

Foundations of Prescribing for Non-Medical Prescribers

Applied pharmacology for prescribers

Mechanisms, dose-response, therapeutic index, adverse effects, tolerance/dependence and class reasoning.

Reviewed 2026-09-24Open →
professional55 min

Foundations of Prescribing for Non-Medical Prescribers

Prescribing in special situations

Renal/hepatic impairment, frailty, pregnancy/breastfeeding, children, weight, multimorbidity and route issues.

Reviewed 2026-09-24Open →
professional45 min

Foundations of Prescribing for Non-Medical Prescribers

What nurse prescribing is

NMC categories, independent/supplementary/community prescribing, annotation, prescribing vs PGD/supply/administration.

Reviewed 2026-09-24Open →
clinical40 min

Frailty & Clinical Frailty Scale

Understanding frailty

Define frailty as a state of reduced reserve and increased vulnerability rather than as chronological age. Distinguish frailty from disability, multimorbidity, sarcopenia and ordinary ageing.

Reviewed 2026-09-16Open →
clinical40 min

Frailty & Clinical Frailty Scale

Recognising frailty in clinical practice

Recognise common frailty syndromes and atypical presentations. Use baseline function and trajectory to distinguish chronic vulnerability from acute deterioration.

Reviewed 2026-09-16Open →
clinical45 min

Frailty & Clinical Frailty Scale

Clinical Frailty Scale: foundations, purpose and limits

Describe the intended role of the CFS as a judgement-based summary of overall fitness/frailty. Explain why the current official tool and training resources should control scoring practice.

Reviewed 2026-09-16Open →
professional45 min

Good Medical Practice

Using Good Medical Practice: standards, judgement and accountability

How should a doctor interpret Good medical practice in real work, and how do GMC standards relate to law, local policy, revalidation and fitness-to-practise processes? Conceptual foundation. This module does not teach the detail of every later duty; it teaches how to reason with professional standards and identify the source of an obligation.

Reviewed 2026-09-22Open →
professional45 min

Good Medical Practice

Competence and good clinical care: limits, evidence and safe practice

What does professional competence require across clinical and non-clinical work, and how should doctors respond when task, supervision, evidence, consultation mode or resources exceed safe limits? Focus on competence and safe clinical reasoning. Detailed consent, prescribing and capacity rules are cross-linked rather than duplicated.

Reviewed 2026-09-22Open →
professional45 min

Good Medical Practice

Keeping up to date: reflection, improvement, appraisal and revalidation

How do continuing development, quality improvement, feedback, reflection, appraisal and revalidation fit together without becoming a portfolio-compliance exercise? Explains the professional and regulatory architecture; a later Appraisal/Revalidation programme will teach detailed portfolio construction.

Reviewed 2026-09-22Open →
professional45 min

Good Medical Practice

Patients as partners: dignity, fairness, communication and shared decisions

How should doctors translate dignity, fairness, communication and patient partnership into everyday clinical behaviour, and where do consent, capacity, confidentiality and equality law add further requirements? Provides the Domain 2 professional framework and signposts the existing Consent/Mental Capacity programmes and future Confidentiality course for deeper legal mechanics.

Reviewed 2026-09-22Open →
professional45 min

Good Medical Practice

Whole-patient duties: safeguarding, emergencies, candour and complaints

What professional duties arise when a patient is vulnerable, urgent care is needed, harm has occurred or a complaint is made, and how do professional candour and organisational duties interact? Focuses on professional response and system interfaces. Safeguarding law and end-of-life decision-making are signposted rather than exhaustively taught.

Reviewed 2026-09-22Open →
professional45 min

Good Medical Practice

Colleagues and culture: respect, fairness, leadership and support

How does GMP translate culture, respect, discrimination, leadership, supervision and support into individual professional duties at every level of seniority? Teaches professional behaviours and interfaces with equality/employment law. A later Leadership programme will go deeper into organisational design and leadership methods.

Reviewed 2026-09-22Open →
professional45 min

Good Medical Practice

Continuity, supervision, delegation, referral and records

How should responsibility and information move safely across people, professions, organisations and time, and what remains with the doctor when work is delegated or referred? Focuses on continuity and distributed responsibility; detailed records/confidentiality and specialty handover protocols remain local or course-specific.

Reviewed 2026-09-22Open →
professional45 min

Good Medical Practice

Safety and speaking up: governance, concerns and fitness to work

What should doctors do when patient safety is compromised by systems, colleagues or their own health, and how do professional duties interact with whistleblowing, governance and reasonable-adjustment frameworks? Focuses on recognition, escalation and support. It does not give case-specific employment-law advice or replace occupational-health assessment.

Reviewed 2026-09-22Open →
professional45 min

Good Medical Practice

Trust and professionalism: honesty, boundaries, beliefs and conflicts

What does professional integrity require when money, relationships, personal beliefs, reputation or other interests could influence medical judgement? Deep treatment of probity/integrity and conflicts. Detailed confidentiality, research governance and employment investigation procedures remain outside scope.

Reviewed 2026-09-22Open →
professional45 min

Good Medical Practice

Professional communication and accountability: digital, public, legal and integrated practice

How should doctors communicate and cooperate when professional statements may influence patients, the public, employers, regulators or courts, and how can the four GMP domains be integrated in complex cases? Integrative final module. It teaches principles of professional communication and legal/regulatory cooperation, not advocacy strategy or detailed litigation procedure.

Reviewed 2026-09-22Open →
leadership40 min

Leadership in Practice

Leadership 2: The SAS leadership paradox

Examine how contribution can grow without recognition, authority or opportunity growing with it, and how organisations can respond without substituting labels for evidence.

Reviewed 2026-09-12Open →
leadership40 min

Leadership in Practice

Leadership 3: When the consultant title arrives

Use formal authority carefully during transition into a consultant role, drawing on existing service knowledge rather than assuming title equals organisational fluency.

Reviewed 2026-09-12Open →
leadership40 min

Leadership in Practice

Leadership 5: Knowing your impact

Move from intention to observable effect: seek feedback, identify patterns in your behaviour and distinguish activity from impact.

Reviewed 2026-09-12Open →
leadership40 min

Leadership in Practice

Leadership 6: Style, power and influence

Choose leadership methods for context rather than treating style as identity; recognise formal power, informal credibility, hierarchy and the limits of influence without authority.

Reviewed 2026-09-12Open →
clinical45 min

Mental Capacity: Decision-Making in Clinical Practice

Supported decision-making in practice

Use practical communication, timing and environmental adjustments to maximise a person’s ability to participate before concluding that they cannot decide.

Reviewed 2026-09-17Open →
clinical45 min

Mental Capacity: Decision-Making in Clinical Practice

When should capacity be assessed?

Recognise when a formal capacity assessment is proportionate, and avoid using capacity assessment simply because a person refuses, disagrees or lives with a particular diagnosis.

Reviewed 2026-09-17Open →
clinical45 min

Mental Capacity: Decision-Making in Clinical Practice

How to assess the specific decision

Apply a structured, decision-specific assessment that identifies relevant information, tests the required functional abilities and records the reasoning rather than relying on a checklist or cognitive score.

Reviewed 2026-09-17Open →
clinical45 min

Mental Capacity: Decision-Making in Clinical Practice

Fluctuating and complex capacity

Recognise fluctuating or complex decision-making ability and adapt timing, reassessment and multidisciplinary support to the person’s clinical state and the urgency of the decision.

Reviewed 2026-09-17Open →
clinical45 min

Mental Capacity: Decision-Making in Clinical Practice

Decision-making when the person lacks capacity

Use the correct jurisdiction-specific substitute-decision framework, involve the person as far as possible and distinguish consultation from legal authority.

Reviewed 2026-09-17Open →
clinical45 min

Mental Capacity: Decision-Making in Clinical Practice

Attorneys, deputies, guardians and other proxies

Verify whether another person has lawful decision-making authority, understand its scope and limits, and avoid the unsafe assumption that “next of kin” can consent for an adult.

Reviewed 2026-09-17Open →
clinical45 min

Mental Capacity: Decision-Making in Clinical Practice

Advance and future decision-making

Distinguish legally binding advance refusals from broader statements and clinical plans, and check validity, applicability and jurisdiction before relying on a future decision-making document.

Reviewed 2026-09-17Open →
clinical50 min

Mental Capacity: Decision-Making in Clinical Practice

Restraint, restriction and deprivation of liberty

Understand the distinction between restriction, restraint and deprivation of liberty, and apply the current post-June-2026 multifactorial Article 5 approach rather than outdated shorthand.

Reviewed 2026-09-17Open →
clinical45 min

Mental Capacity: Decision-Making in Clinical Practice

Documentation, disagreement and escalation

Create records that show the decision-making pathway, transfer essential information safely and escalate unresolved disagreement through proportionate clinical, safeguarding, ethics or legal routes.

Reviewed 2026-09-17Open →
handbook35 min

The SAS Doctors Handbook

Handbook 3: The four-nation map

Use a four-nation source map to identify which employment, appraisal, progression and pension arrangements apply before relying on apparently similar guidance.

Reviewed 2026-09-12Open →
handbook35 min

The SAS Doctors Handbook

Handbook 7: Making hidden work visible

Identify recurring clinical, administrative, educational and governance work that has become invisible and prepare proportionate evidence for review.

Reviewed 2026-09-12Open →
handbook35 min

The SAS Doctors Handbook

Handbook 10: Annual appraisal

Prepare for appraisal as a reflective professional process, selecting proportionate evidence from the whole scope of practice and turning discussion into useful objectives.

Reviewed 2026-09-12Open →
handbook35 min

The SAS Doctors Handbook

Handbook 11: Revalidation

Distinguish appraisal from revalidation and understand the roles of the doctor, appraiser, responsible officer or suitable person and GMC.

Reviewed 2026-09-12Open →
handbook35 min

The SAS Doctors Handbook

Handbook 12: The professional portfolio

Build a purposeful professional portfolio in which evidence is indexed to a claim or decision rather than accumulated without a defined use.

Reviewed 2026-09-12Open →
handbook35 min

The SAS Doctors Handbook

Handbook 15: Regrading to Specialist in Wales

Understand the Wales Specialist regrading route as a specific national process requiring evidence against the applicable criteria rather than seniority alone.

Reviewed 2026-09-12Open →
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